{"id":7590,"date":"2025-11-19T11:42:22","date_gmt":"2025-11-19T10:42:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.drinkatering.com\/?p=7590"},"modified":"2025-11-19T11:43:53","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T10:43:53","slug":"water-as-food","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drinkatering.com\/en\/acqua-come-alimento\/","title":{"rendered":"Water as food? A question of perspective between nutrition and law"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article explores the complex question of whether water as food is a valid concept. It examines two distinct perspectives: the nutritional and the legal. From a nutritional standpoint, water is very much a food, essential for vital functions, hydration, and mineral intake, as confirmed by the EFSA. From a legal perspective, however, European and Italian legislation distinguishes water from food, unless a specific condition occurs: when water is treated (filtered, carbonated) and supplied to the public, as in the case of Water Houses or dispensers in the catering industry. In this scenario, the supplier becomes a Food Business Operator (FBO), with precise regulatory obligations, including the adoption of an HACCP plan. The article clarifies this distinction, positioning DKR as a competent partner guiding its clients in the correct management of 'water-as-food\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Steak? Food. Tortellini? Food. Water? Here, the seemingly obvious answer suddenly becomes uncertain. In fact, there are two schools of thought, both with solid arguments, that define water in different ways. For some, water does not provide energy (calories) and, despite being the <strong>most indispensable substance for life<\/strong>, is not a food in the strict sense. For others, thanks to the minerals it carries and its role in every metabolic process, it is a nutrient in its own right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The truth is that both positions are correct, because the assessment changes radically depending on the perspective: it is one thing to consider water as food from a biological and nutritional point of view, and a very different thing to analyse it from a legal perspective. And it is precisely on this border that a fundamental game is played for those, like DKR, who are involved in designing, installing, and maintaining water treatment and distribution systems intended for the public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The nutritional point of view: water as a pillar of life<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From the perspective of nutritional science and biology, there is little doubt: water is a foodstuff. It's no coincidence that it's found in <strong>base of the food pyramid<\/strong>e, symbolising its irreplaceable and fundamental role in the physiology of the human body. Its functions have been extensively studied and certified by the highest scientific authorities:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has confirmed a <strong>direct relationship of cause and effect<\/strong> between daily water intake and the maintenance of normal physical and cognitive functions. Adequate hydration is essential for concentration, memory and physical performance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is the main <strong>agent of <\/strong><strong>thermoregulation<\/strong>, allowing the body to maintain a constant temperature through sweating and perspiration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It works as <strong>universal solvent and conveyor<\/strong>, transporting nutrients, hormones and oxygen to the cells and removing metabolic waste.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>It brings <\/strong><strong>mineral salts<\/strong>, essential inorganic nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium which, although they constitute a small part of body weight (about 6%), perform vital biological functions for bone health, muscle contraction and water-salt balance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is important to point out that drinking water is not our main source of minerals (it is estimated to contribute between 1% and 20% of the total requirement), a role primarily played by solid foods. However, its contribution is not negligible and its role as a \u2019carrier\u201c of these nutrients is undisputed. Biologically speaking, considering water as food is not only correct, it is a necessity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The legal point of view: when water becomes \u201cfood\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the science of nutrition is clear, the law draws a c<strong>onfine much sharper<\/strong>, specific and, in some ways, counter-intuitive. European legislation (EC Reg. 178\/2002) and the corresponding Italian implementing legislation make a clear distinction between the legal framework relating to water and that relating to food. In general, and to avoid overlap, the\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/drinkatering.com\/en\/evolution-drinking-water-regulations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">drinking water<\/a> supplied by the aqueduct is not considered a foodstuff and follows its own specific and rigorous legislative framework (primarily Legislative Decree 31\/2001, which transposes European Directive 98\/83\/EC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, there is one fundamental exception that completely changes the game. Water legally becomes a foodstuff when it undergoes two combined actions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is treated at the point of use (with filtration, refrigeration, and carbonation equipment).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is supplied to the public in bulk, in jugs or in reusable bottles.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is exactly the case with the <a href=\"https:\/\/drinkatering.com\/en\/water-house-sustainable-choice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Water Houses<\/a> installed in municipalities, which provide microfiltered water to citizens, or professional dispensers installed in restaurants, bars, canteens and hotels. In this precise context, water ceases to be a simple good supplied by the public network and fully takes on the status of \u201cfood\u201d, because an operator actively intervenes to modify its characteristics and supply it to third parties. This is where the concept of water as food becomes a legal and operational reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/drinkatering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/acqua-come-alimento-1.png\" alt=\"water is food?\" class=\"wp-image-7592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drinkatering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/acqua-come-alimento-1.png 650w, https:\/\/drinkatering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/acqua-come-alimento-1-300x208.png 300w, https:\/\/drinkatering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/acqua-come-alimento-1-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/drinkatering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/acqua-come-alimento-1-600x415.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The obligations of the Food Business Operator (FBO)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This legal transformation has a very important consequence: whoever treats and supplies water to the public becomes, to all intents and purposes, a FBO (Food Business Operator). As such, it is no longer sufficient to ensure that the water complies with basic potability parameters, but is required to comply with a series of additional regulations designed to protect the health of the end consumer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The main regulations involved are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>DM 174\/2004 supplemented by Legislative Decree 18\/2024:<\/strong> regulates the suitability of materials and components of systems (pipes, fittings, filters) for contact with drinking water, ensuring they do not release harmful substances.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DM 25\/2012:<\/strong><strong> <\/strong>defines the specific technical provisions for water treatment equipment, establishing performance and information requirements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Regulation (EC) No 852\/2004:<\/strong> It is the core standard that requires the NSA to implement and maintain a self-monitoring system based on the principles of HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Becoming an OSA for water as food translates into precise and non-delegable obligations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Drawing up a self-control plan (HACCP):<\/strong> a fundamental document that analyses the specific risks of your plant (e.g. bacterial contamination, filter wear) and establishes critical control points and procedures to monitor them.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Planning planned maintenance:<\/strong><strong> <\/strong>establish a schedule of periodic checks on the installations to ensure their correct and hygienic operation over time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Managing consumables:<\/strong><strong> <\/strong>ensure the regular replacement of filter elements, UV lamps and other consumable components in accordance with the manufacturer's timetable, recording each intervention.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Carry out periodic analyses:<\/strong> To programme water analysis at an accredited laboratory to continuously verify that the quality of the product supplied complies with legal parameters and that the treatment has not introduced any critical issues.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>DKR, a strategic partner for the management of 'water food\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So, is water a foodstuff? The answer is: it depends. But for a local authority installing a Water House or for a restaurateur choosing a <a href=\"https:\/\/drinkatering.com\/en\/water-dispensers-on-tap\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">professional dispenser<\/a> For its clients, the legal answer is a clear and unequivocal \u201cyes\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Understanding this distinction is not a mere exercise in style, but is fundamental to operating in <strong>full compliance, with security and professionalism<\/strong>. In <a href=\"https:\/\/drinkatering.com\/en\/how-we-operate\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DKR<\/a>, our mission goes beyond providing state-of-the-art water treatment technology. We offer our customers the expertise and advice they need to address these regulatory complexities and properly manage water as food. Our support takes the form of helping define effective maintenance plans, providing clear documentation and guiding our partners to comply with all legal obligations, turning a potential bureaucratic burden into a solid guarantee of quality and safety for the end user. Managing water as food is a big responsibility, and we are here to share it.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sommario Questo articolo esplora la complessa domanda se l\u2019acqua come alimento sia un concetto valido. Vengono analizzate due prospettive distinte: quella nutrizionale e quella legale. Dal punto di vista nutrizionale, l\u2019acqua \u00e8 a tutti gli effetti un alimento, essenziale per le funzioni vitali, l\u2019idratazione e l\u2019apporto di sali minerali, come confermato dall\u2019EFSA. Dal punto di [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary dkr-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/drinkatering.com\/en\/acqua-come-alimento\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":7591,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,69,94],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-case-dellacqua","category-ecologia-e-sostenibilita","category-erogatore-acqua"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Acqua come alimento? Prospettiva tra nutrizione e legge.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Acqua come alimento: \u00e8 tale dal punto di vista nutrizionale, ma legale solo se trattata e fornita al pubblico. Scopri quando serve l&#039;HACCP.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/drinkatering.com\/en\/water-as-food\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Acqua come alimento? Prospettiva tra nutrizione e legge.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Acqua come alimento: \u00e8 tale dal punto di vista nutrizionale, ma legale solo se trattata e fornita al pubblico. Scopri quando serve l&#039;HACCP.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/drinkatering.com\/en\/water-as-food\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DKR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dkrdrinkatering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-19T10:42:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-19T10:43:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/drinkatering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/01-acqua.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"650\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"450\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Alberto Rudoni\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Alberto Rudoni\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drinkatering.com\\\/acqua-come-alimento\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drinkatering.com\\\/acqua-come-alimento\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Alberto Rudoni\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drinkatering.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7819fad04bb01cda4cf9e766056c66d6\"},\"headline\":\"L&#8217;acqua come alimento? 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